Establishment and content of sugars and phenols in Physalis callus obtained from different explants and concentrations of bap and naa / Estabelecimento e conteúdo de açúcares e fenóis em calos de Physalis obtidos de diferentes explantes e concentrações de bap e ana

Obtaining cells of Physalis pubescens is of interest for studies of primary and secondary metabolic pathways, in the search for new active molecules. Our objectives were to evaluate the regeneration potential of explants from different parts of the plant, growth regulators to be used, and the determination of the growth curve of the callus. We used explants of leaf, root, stem and petiole, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and - naphthaleneacetic acid. The explants from stem and petiole had a higher regeneration potential of the shoot to the treatment with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine, and the explants of leave and root emitted more roots, with lower production of callus. The tests showed that the regeneration of the whole plant should be done in two steps: cultivation for shoot regeneration and transplantation to a new rooting medium. The growth of callus showed five distinct phases, with accumulation of phenols in the final stages of growth. The levels of soluble sugars increased with age, while reducing sugars showed variations, with higher concentrations in the initial stages of cultivation, with fall and rise again at the final evaluation (28th day).

A obtenção de células de Physalis pubescens é de interesse para estudos de vias metabólicas primárias e secundárias na busca de novas moléculas ativas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o potencial de regeneração de explantes de diferentes partes da planta, os reguladores de crescimento a serem utilizados e a determinação da curva de crescimento dos calos. Foram utilizados explantes de folhas, raízes, caules e pecíolos, cultivados em meio Murashige e Skoog em diferentes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina e α-ácido naftaleno acético. Os explantes provenientes de pecíolos e caules apresentaram maior potencial de regeneração da parte aérea com o tratamento com 0,5 mg L-1 de 6-benzilaminopurina, sendo que os explantes de folhas e raízes emitiram mais raízes com menor produção de calos. Os ensaios demonstraram que a regeneração da planta inteira deve ser feita em duas etapas: cultivo para regeneração da parte aérea e repicagem para novo meio de enraizamento. A curva de crescimento de calos apresentou cinco fases distintas, com acúmulo de fenóis nos estágios finais de crescimento. Os teores de açúcares solúveis totais foram crescentes com a idade, enquanto açúcares redutores apresentaram variações com maiores concentrações nas etapas iniciais do cultivo, com queda e novo aumento no final da avaliação.

Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology / Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): revisión de usos tradicionales, química y farmacología

Physalis angulata is a specie of the Solanaceae family, which edible fruit is used in several countries of tropical and subtropical regions of the world as medicinal and fruit-tree. This review shows research over the last 30 years, about traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacology of this specie. The studies related to traditional uses show that P. angulata is known for its antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and post-partum treating properties. It presents the different pharmacological experiments in vitro and in vivo models that have been made, also the identification of phytochemical constituents with medicinal importance, the main being physalins and withanolides. Pharmacological studies have shown antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antimalarial, antileishmanial, immunosuppressive, antiasthmatic diuretic, and antitumor activities, thus validating its traditional uses and demonstrating the great potential of this specie for further development within the pharmaceutical industry.

Physalis angulata, es una especie de la familia Solanaceae, de frutos comestibles, que en diferentes países de regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo utilizan como medicinal y frutal. La presente revisión muestra las investigaciones realizadas durante los últimos 30 años, sobre los usos tradicionales, componentes químicos y farmacología de esta especie. Los estudios referidos a los usos tradicionales, muestran que la especie es conocida por propiedades antimaláricas, antiinflamatorias y en el tratamiento de postparto. Se muestran los diferentes experimentos farmacológicos de ensayos in vitro y modelos in vivo que se han realizado, asimismo la identificación de sus constituyentes fitoquímicos con importancia medicinal, siendo los principales las fisalinas y los witanólidos. Los estudios farmacológicos revelan que tiene actividad antiparasitaria, antiinflamatoria, antimicrobiana, antinociceptiva, antimalárica, antileishmania, inmunosupresor, antiasmático, diurético y antitumoral, validando de esta manera sus usos tradicionales y demostrando el gran potencial que tiene esta especie para un mayor desarrollo dentro de la industria farmacéutica.

Actividad Antibacteriana in vitro de extractos y fracciones de Physalis peruviana L. y Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz / In vitro antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of Physalis peruviana L. and Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz

We evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of Physalis peruviana L. calyces and flowers and leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). We find potent activity with MIC < 0,256 mg/mL for the chloroform fraction of P. peruviana calyces, the ethanol fraction of flowers of C. pulcherrima and ethanol and ether fractions of leaves of C. pulcherrima. Based on these results, we conclude that both species are promising and it is recommended to continue exploring them in order to isolate, purify and to elucidate the chemical structure from those compounds responsible for the biological activity of each active fraction.

Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana in vitro de extractos y fracciones de los cálices de Physalis peruviana L. y flores y hojas de Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz frente a cepas ATCC de Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, determinando la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB). Encontramos potente actividad, con valores de CMI < 0,256 mg/mL para la fracción en cloroformo de los cálices de P. peruviana, la fracción en etanol de las flores de C. pulcherrima y las fracciones en etanol y éter de las hojas de C. pulcherrima. En función de los resultados obtenidos, concluimos que ambas especies son promisorias y se recomienda continuar su estudio intentando aislar, purificar y dilucidar la estructura química de los compuestos responsables de la actividad biológica en cada fracción activa.

Anti lipid peroxidation activity of piper trioicum roxb. and physalis minima l. extracts

Attempt has been made to evaluate free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Piper trioicum Roxb. and Physalis minima L. individually. In this study goat liver has been used as lipid source. This in vitro evaluation was done by measuring the malondialdehyde [MDA] of tissue homogenates. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of the Piper trioicum Roxb. and Physalis minima L. has the ability to suppress the lipid peroxidation and it was also found that Piper trioicum Roxb. extract has more activity than Physalis minima L. extract

Studies on antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) fraction and physalin B bringing out the importance of assay determination

Complex physalin metabolites present in the capsules of the fruit of Physalis angulata L. have been isolated and submitted to a series of assays of antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 6538P, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739; E. coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 applying different methodologies such as: bioautography, dilution broth, dilution agar, and agar diffusion techniques. A mixture of physalins (pool) containing physalins B, D, F, G inhibit S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 6538P, and N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 at a concentration of 200 mg/æl, using agar dilution assays. The mixture was inactive against P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, E. coli ATCC 8739; E. coli ATCC 25922, C. albicans ATCC 10231 when applying bioautography assays. Physalin B (200 æg/ml) by the agar diffusion assay inhibited S. aureus ATCC 6538P by n 85 percent; and may be considered responsible for the antimicrobial activity.